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FORMATION:
The first (weak)
aorist is formed by:
(1) augmenting the verb stem (same as for
the imperfect)
(2) adding sigma to the verb
stem
(3) adding first aorist endings to the
resulting aorist stem.
The
second (strong)
aorist is formed by:
(1) altering the verb stem (this must be
learned)
(2) augmenting the second aorist verb stem
(same as for the imperfect)
(3) adding secondary endings to the
verb stem (same as for the
imperfect).
FIRST AORIST
ENDINGS
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ACTIVE
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I
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-sa
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we
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-samen
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you
(s)
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-saj
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you
(pl)
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-sate
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he,
she
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-se(n)
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they
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-san
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text
place
holder
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MIDDLE
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I
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-sa&mhn
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we
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-sa&meqa
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you
(s)
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-sw
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you
(pl)
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-sasqe
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he,
she
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-sato
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they
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-santo
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CHANGES IN VERB STEM
FOR THE FIRST AORIST (SAME AS FOR THE
FUTURE)
- Verb stems ending
in a mute consonant alter as
follows:
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|
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the
consonants
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writing
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e.g.
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p,
b,
f
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combine with
s
to become
y
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ble/pw,
e)/bleya
tri/bw,
e)/triya
gra&fw,
e)/graya
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k,
g,
x
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combine with
s
to become
c
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dida&skw,
e)/di/daca
le/gw,
e)/leca
de/xomai,
e)deca&mhn
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t,
d, q,
z
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drop
out before
s
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a#ptw,
h#ya*
speu&dw,
e)/speu&sa
pei/qw,
e)/pei/sa
h(suxa&zw,
h(su&xasa
nomi/zw,
e)no&misa
(*note
that for this type of
verb,
t
drops out and
s
combines with the
p
of the resulting
stem)
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- Verbs stems ending
in a liquid
(l,
m, n, r)
sometimes alter their stems and add
first aorist endings without
s;
e.g., ne/mw
(present),
e)/neima
(first aorist);
me/nw
(present),
e)/meina
(first aorist);
diafqei/rw
(present),
die/fqeira
(first
aorist).
- Contract verbs lengthen the final
vowel of the stem and add
s;
e.g., poie/w
(present),
e0poi/hsa
(aorist);
tima&w
(present),
e0ti/mhsa
(aorist);
dhlo&w
(present),
e0dh&lwsa
(aorist).
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